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Home / 环境百科 / 气象 / 百科词条

总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）

分类: 大气
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TSP（总悬浮颗粒物）是指能悬浮在空气中，空气动力学当量直径 ≤100微米的颗粒物，即指粒径在100微米以下的颗粒物，记作TSP，是大气质量评价中的一个通用的重要染指标。总悬浮颗粒物的浓度以每立方米空气中总悬浮颗粒物的毫克数表示。其对人体的危害程度主要决定于自身的粒度大小及化学组成。 TSP中粒径大于10微米的物质，几乎都可被鼻腔和咽喉所捕集，不进入肺泡。对人体危害最大的是10微米以下的浮游状颗粒物，称为飘尘（后改称为可吸入颗粒物）。飘尘可经过呼吸道沉积于肺泡。慢性呼吸道炎症、肺气肿、肺癌的发病与空气颗粒物的污染程度明显相关，当长年接触颗粒物浓度高于0.2毫克/立方米的空气时，其呼吸系统病症增加。


使用总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）采样装置，安装好已知重量的滤膜后，在保证气密性条件下以一定的气流量进行采样，采样完成后，滤膜再次称重，用滤膜采样前后的重量差除以折算后的抽空气量，计算得出TSP浓度。

国家环境质量标准规定，居住区日平均浓度低于0.3毫克/立方米，年平均浓度低于0.2毫克/立方米。


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