Experience over the past decade has shown that green supply chain development helps strengthen corporate environmental management through market mechanisms, promote efficient resource use, and reduce pollution and product carbon footprints. It enhances corporate resilience while contributing positively to ecological protection and climate action. However, intensifying geopolitical competition, increasing fragmentation of the global governance system, and frequent trade frictions—including tendencies toward decoupling and supply chain disruption—have made global supply chain stability harder to maintain, inevitably affecting the advancement of green supply chain initiatives. Against this complex backdrop, IPE upgraded CITI Criteria and conducted a quantitative evaluation of 800 companies across 23 industries. IPE aims to identify the new challenges and issues companies are facing, as well as to discover and promote best practices. The evaluation seeks to build common understanding among stakeholders, create an enabling environment for both Chinese and international companies to green their supply chains.

Experience over the past decade has shown that green supply chain development helps strengthen corporate environmental management through market mechanisms, promote efficient resource use, and reduce pollution and product carbon footprints. It enhances corporate resilience while contributing positively to ecological protection and climate action. However, intensifying geopolitical competition, increasing fragmentation of the global governance system, and frequent trade frictions—including tendencies toward decoupling and supply chain disruption—have made global supply chain stability harder to maintain, inevitably affecting the advancement of green supply chain initiatives. Against this complex backdrop, IPE upgraded CITI Criteria and conducted a quantitative evaluation of 800 companies across 23 industries. IPE aims to identify the new challenges and issues companies are facing, as well as to discover and promote best practices. The evaluation seeks to build common understanding among stakeholders, create an enabling environment for both Chinese and international companies to green their supply chains.

At the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement, we have witnessed tangible progress from the joint efforts of the international community. The rapid growth of global emissions has been curbed to some extent, and the likelihood of catastrophic warming scenarios has been reduced. Nevertheless, the global climate situation remains severe, with extreme weather events occurring with increasing frequency. At this critical moment of heightened uncertainty in global climate governance, we believe that the decarbonization of global industrial and supply chains is more important than ever. In 2025, the Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs (IPE) once again conducted a quantitative evaluation of the climate actions of 800 Chinese and international companies across 23 industries. The evaluation covered five key dimensions—governance mechanisms, measurement and disclosure, carbon target setting, performance towards targets, and emission reduction actions—with the goal of identifying and promoting best practices to encourage global supply chains to accelerate their low-carbon transformation.

At the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement, we have witnessed tangible progress from the joint efforts of the international community. The rapid growth of global emissions has been curbed to some extent, and the likelihood of catastrophic warming scenarios has been reduced. Nevertheless, the global climate situation remains severe, with extreme weather events occurring with increasing frequency. At this critical moment of heightened uncertainty in global climate governance, we believe that the decarbonization of global industrial and supply chains is more important than ever. In 2025, the Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs (IPE) once again conducted a quantitative evaluation of the climate actions of 800 Chinese and international companies across 23 industries. The evaluation covered five key dimensions—governance mechanisms, measurement and disclosure, carbon target setting, performance towards targets, and emission reduction actions—with the goal of identifying and promoting best practices to encourage global supply chains to accelerate their low-carbon transformation.

Transportation industry accounts for 16% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with the processing and manufacturing of raw materials as emission hotspots. At the same time, the steel and aluminum smelting industries are major contributors to China's industrial carbon emissions. The automotive industry urgently needs to innovate and explore pathways for collaborative carbon reduction with suppliers, to incentivize and accelerate the innovation and application of low-carbon green technologies, and to drive the low-carbon transition of steel and aluminum enterprises. With the support of the Energy Foundation, IPE conducted research on the 'Collaborative Decarbonization of Automotive, Steel, and Aluminum Green Supply Chains'. The research focuses on engaging the automotive industry to set and disclose supply chain carbon reduction targets, implement low-carbon procurement requirements, and incentivize hard-to-abate industries such as steel and aluminum smelting to accelerate the production and supply of low-carbon products, thereby assisting the automotive industry's decarbonization process, supporting China's 'dual carbon' goals, and contributing to global climate change governance.

Three reports were launched on 22 July by experts convened by the UN, showing how greater impact can be achieved by breaking down silos and tackling the climate change and sustainable development crises together. Recognizing that biodiversity loss, land degradation and climate change are deeply interlinked, the expert report entitled How Nature Conservation Can Advance SDG and Climate Action notes that Nature-based solutions —including conservation, restoration, and ecosystem management—can deliver up to 37% of cost-effective CO? mitigation by 2030. It also points out that ecosystem services like water supply, pollination and climate regulation are vital for achieving the SDGs. Financing is a major issue: although over 50% of global GDP depends on nature, harmful subsidies ($7 trillion/year) and externalities ($10–$25 trillion/year) far exceed conservation funding. Integrated policies are urgently needed to align biodiversity and climate goals with financing: there is an annual shortfall of $700 billion for biodiversity and up to $359 billion for climate adaptation.

Three reports were launched on 22 July by experts convened by the UN, showing how greater impact can be achieved by breaking down silos and tackling the climate change and sustainable development crises together. With the majority of the global population residing in cities, which also account for the majority of GHG emissions, there is great potential to improve public health through climate action with high-impact co-benefits, according to the expert report on Linking Climate and Health Action in Cities. Reducing air pollution by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy could prevent up to 1.2 million premature deaths annually by 2040, with up to 4.7 million additional lives saved if measures against black carbon and methane are adopted. A shift to plant-based diets could prevent 10–11 million premature deaths yearly. Infrastructure promoting walking and cycling can cut emissions, improve cardiovascular health, and reduce mortality, and increasing urban tree cover to 30% could prevent over 2,600 heat-related deaths each summer in Europe alone. Financial and technical support at the national and international levels is vital to enables cities—especially in the Global South—to implement such synergistic strategies.