China Provincial Carbon Peak & Carbon Neutrality Index（2022–2024）Evaluation Report reveals that, amid complex challenges from multiple pressures, China’s green and low-carbon transition has demonstrated strong resilience. Major provinces and cities accelerated energy transformation and electrification, while central and eastern regions witnessed vigorous growth in emerging industries. Meanwhile, the report identifies challenges including increasing grid integration pressure for wind and solar power, cumulative ecological impacts requiring attention, urgent decarbonization needs for energy-intensive industries, and unresolved accountability for emissions from energy bases. Policy recommendations are accordingly proposed.