5月初，西部及蒙古气旋引发多轮沙尘东移南下，影响陕甘宁蒙、冀豫，并波及关中、湖北、晋豫皖浙及四川盆地，华北山前现霾尘轻度污染。月中，气温回升推高臭氧潜势，华北北部、长三角、珠三角、成渝部分站点率先超标；中东部总体优良，仅蒙东颗粒物略高；下旬沙尘再袭甘肃、宁夏、南疆致PM10短时中重度污染。同时，高温高湿天气持续发力，华北、京津冀至东北中南部、长三角北部及东北平原晴热区域大范围臭氧轻度污染，华北午后频现臭氧脉冲超标。所幸，华南降水增强保优良，华北北风亦带来阶段性改善。

4月上旬，西北沙尘东移，致陕甘宁到晋冀鲁豫等地PM10升高，两湖、广西及长三角部分站点颗粒物偏高。中旬，罕见大风席卷中东部，全国23省出现强阵风，沙尘天气范围广，川渝湘、鄂赣、江浙沪罕见爆表，沙尘翻越南岭致两广重度污染，海南也受影响。下旬，中东部降雨后空气质量总体优良，但西北沙尘又起，影响宁蒙陕等地。

In early March, poor dispersion conditions in North China triggered heavy pollution alerts in nearly 30 cities. Beijing experienced prolonged pollution from March 8 to 11. By mid-to-late March, rare northwesterly warm winds improved air quality across the region. This month saw record-breaking warmth, with daily high temperatures at 712 weather stations nationwide exceeding historical averages. Notable highs included 30°C in Beijing’s Haidian District on March 22, 33.1°C in Shanghai’s Baoshan District on March 26, and 33.7°C in Hefei, Anhui Province, on the same day. However, a nationwide cold wave between March 25–30 brought a sharp temperature drop along with sandstorms, rain, and snow. Sandstorms were notably active this month, with four major events, including one severe sandstorm. The central and eastern regions saw repeated clashes between sand and smog.

In February, cold air improved overall air quality in northern China. Beijing’s monthly average PM2.5 concentration fell to 26 μg/m3, down 34% year-on-year. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Fenwei Plain also saw notable improvements. In contrast, persistent northerly winds led to flat or higher PM2.5 levels in southern regions. As warm southerly winds returned, haze reappeared in parts of the north. While February saw year-on-year air quality improvement overall, regional differences remain significant, and meteorological conditions continue to influence outcomes—underscoring the need for sustained pollution control.