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余氯

分类: 水
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为了破坏或灭活水中的病原微生物，给水或废水排放前，常对其进行消毒处理，氯化消毒是目前应用最广且经济有效的消毒方法。

常用的氯消毒剂包括液氯、漂白粉、漂粉精和二氧化氯。氯以单质或次氯酸盐形式加入水中后，经水解生成游离性有效氯（水分子氯、次氯酸、次氯酸盐离子等）。在水的氯化消毒过程中，所投加的氯经过一定接触时间以后除了与水中的细菌和还原性物质发生作用被消耗外，还应有适量的剩余氯留在水中保证持续的杀菌能力，这部分氯成为余氯。

余氯在水中很不稳定，易见光分解，取样后需立即测定。主要的测定方法是碘量法，N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺滴定法，N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺分光光度法。


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